血清干扰素γ诱导蛋白10和甘露糖结合凝集素在再生障碍性贫血和骨髓增生异常综合征患者中的含量及临床意义

时间:2024-05-20 16:28 来源:当代医学 作者:徐静1,张兴利1*,刘倩1,吴得红1,邱宏春1,孔荣1,唐晓莹2,郑超2

栏目:临床研究

 


 


1.昆山市第三人民医院血液科,江苏    苏州    2153002.昆山市第三人民医院检验科,江苏    苏州    215300

 

 

资助项目:江苏省昆山市社会发展科技专项项目KS1908

*作者:张兴利E-mailzhangxingli2013204@163.com

 

 

摘要: 目的    探讨血清干扰素γ诱导蛋白10IP10和甘露糖结合凝集素MBL在再生障碍性贫血(AA)和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者中的含量临床意义。方法    选取20191月至20216月在昆山市第三人民医院初诊的26AA患者(AA组)和42MDS患者(MDS组)作为观察组,另选取30名健康体检者作为对照组。检测并比较研究对象血清IP10MBL水平,分析AAMDS组血清IP10MBL的相关性,比较不同淋巴细胞亚群比例及CD4+CD8+淋巴细胞比值。结果    AA组和MDS组血清IP-10水平均高于对照组,血清MBL水平均低于对照组,且AA组血清IP-10水平高于MDS组,AA组血清MBL水平低于MDS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05Pearson线性相关分析显示,AAr=-0.74P0.05MDSr=-0.83P0.05血清IP-10MBL呈负相关性。AA组外周血总CD3+T淋巴细胞比例高于MDS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05两组外周血CD3-CD16+/CD56+NK淋巴细胞比例和CD19+B淋巴细胞比例比较差异无统计学意义AACD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞比例高于MDS组,CD4+/CD8+低于MDS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05结论    通过检测患者血清IP-10MBL水平,以及分析外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+比值,有助于为AAMDS的发病机制、早期鉴别诊断等方面提供更有价值的信息。

关键词: 再生障碍性贫血;骨髓增生异常综合征;干扰素γ诱导蛋白10;甘露糖结合凝集素;淋巴细胞亚群

 

The content and clinical significance of interferon γ -induced protein 10 and mannose-binding lectin in serum of aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients

XU Jing1, ZHANG Xingli1*, LIU Qian1, WU Dehong1, QIU Hongchun1, KONG Rong1, TANG Xiaoying2, ZHENG Chao2

(1. Department of Hematology, the Third People' s Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215300, China; 2. Department of Clinical laboratory, the Third People' s Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215300, China)

Abstract: Objective  To investigate the content and clinical significance of interferon γ -induced protein 10(IP10) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in serum of aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Methods  A total of 26 patients with AA (AA group) and 42 patients with MDS (MDS group) who were newly diagnosed in the Third People' s Hospital of Kunshan from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 30 healthy physical examination subjects were selected as the control group. The levles of IP10 and MBL in study subjects were determined and compared, the correlation between serum IP10 and MBL were analyzed in AA group and MDS group, the proportions of different lymphocyte subpopulations and the ratios of CD4+and CD8+lymphocytes were compared between AA group and MDS group. Results  The serum levels of IP-10 in AA and MDS groups was higher than that in control group, the level of MBL was lower than that in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the level of IP-10 and MBL both in AA group (r=-0.74, P<0.05) and MDS group (r=-0.83, P<0.05). The proportion of total CD3+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of AA group was higher than that of MDS group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); there were no significant differences in the proportion of CD3-CD16+/CD56+NK lymphocytes and CD19+B lymphocytes in peripheral blood between the two groups. The proportion of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes in AA group was higher than that in MDS group, The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in AA group was lower than that in MDS group, the differences were statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion  Detecting the contents of IP10 and MBL in serum and analyzing the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in T lymphocyte subsets could be used as indicators for differential diagnosis of AA and MDS patients.

Keywords: Aplastic anemia; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Interferon-γ-inducible protein 10; Mannose-binding lectin; Lymphocyte subsets

 

再生障碍性贫血(aplastic anemiaAA)是一种自身免疫等因素介导的造血功能衰竭综合征,常表现为骨髓中造血细胞减少或缺失,且伴随全血细胞减少[1]。骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndromesMDS)是一组异质性非常强的髓系疾病,其特征是外周血细胞减少和向急性髓系白血病(acute myelogenous leukemiaAML)转变的风险增加[2]AAMDS临床表现类似,给疾病的早期鉴别诊断带来很大困难,探寻更有临床意义的实验室检测指标显得尤为重要。基于此,本研究拟通过ELISA法检测初发AAMDS患者血清干扰素γ诱导蛋白10interferon γ -induced protein 10IP10和甘露糖结合凝集素mannose-binding lectinMBL的含量,并采用流式细胞术分析外周血淋巴细胞亚群,探究血清IP10MBL在两种疾病间的表达状态,如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1    临床资料    选取20191月至20216月在昆山市第三人民医院初诊的26AA患者(AA组)和42MDS患者(MDS组)作为观察组,选取同期30名健康体检者作为对照组。AA组男1214年龄44.34±16.44MDS组男2022年龄65.43±11.19岁。对照组男1515;年龄(42.63±9.66岁。3组性别、年龄比较差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。患者及家属均对本研究知情同意并签署知情同意书。本研究经昆山市第三人民医院医学伦理委员会审核批准(审批号:kssy2019-33

纳入标准:均符合《血液病诊断及疗效标准》[3]AAMDS诊断标准;无局部及全身感染性疾病排除标准:患有严重肝、肾、肺疾病及其他恶性疾病

1.2    方法    抽取所有研究对象空腹静脉血35 ml,标本室温静置2 h,以3 000 r/min离心15 min分离血清80 ℃冰箱冻存待测。严格按照酶联免疫吸附试验试剂盒R&D system,美国说明书采用SUNRISE酶标仪TECAN,瑞士)检测IP10MBL水平。用乙二胺四乙酸二钾抗凝管留取外周静脉血35 ml全血100 μl加入淋巴亚群试剂盒(BD Bioscinces,美国5 μl室温下避光孵育1530 min,加入0.5 ml溶血素,混匀,室温下避光15 min后,以190×g离心5 min,取悬浮细胞,加1×磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered solutionPBS洗涤,190×g离心5 min,取悬浮细胞,补足0.3 ml PBS,采用BC Navios流式细胞仪Beckman Coulter,美国,)进行检测。采用CD45/SSC设门法圈定淋巴细胞,根据抗体阴阳性计算淋巴细胞各亚群CD3CD19CD56CD16CD4CD8CD45比例,结果以阳性细胞的率(%)表示。

1.3    观察指标    ①比较3组血清IP10MBL水平。②分析AA组和MDS组血清IP10MBL的相关性。③比较AA组和MDS组外周血不同淋巴细胞亚群比例。④比较AA组和MDS组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+CD4+CD3+CD8+淋巴细胞及CD4+/CD8+比值

1.4    统计学方法    采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料以“x±s”表示,两组比较采用t检验,多组比较采用单因素方差分析ANOVA检验,组间两两比较采用SNK-q检验相关性分析采用Pearson检验P0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2  结果

2.1    3组血清IP10MBL水平比较    3IP10MBL水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AA组和MDS组血清IP-10水平均高于对照组,血清MBL水平均低于对照组,且AA组血清IP-10水平高于MDS组,AA组血清MBL水平低于MDS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表1

 

1    3组血清IP10MBL水平比较(x±sμg/L

Table 1  Comparison the contents of IP10 and MBL in serum of 3 groups x±sμg/L)

组别

例数

IP-10

MBL

对照组

30

1.47±0.41

2.37±0.53

AA

26

2.31±0.55a

1.71±0.31a

MDS

42

1.75±0.58ab

2.02±0.56ab

F

 

18.324

12.405

P

 

0.05

0.05

注:IP10,干扰素γ诱导蛋白10MBL,甘露糖结合凝集素;AA,再生障碍性贫血;MDS,骨髓增生异常综合征。与对照组比较,aP0.05;与AA组比较,bP0.05

2.2    AA组和MDS组血清IP10MBL水平的相关性分析    AA组(r=0.74P0.05MDSr=0.83P0.05)血清IP-10MBL水平均呈负相关性。

2.3    AA组和MDS组外周血不同淋巴细胞亚群比例比较    AA组外周血总CD3+T淋巴细胞比例高于MDS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05两组外周血CD3-CD16+/CD56+NK细胞比例和CD19+B细胞比例比较差异无统计学意义。见表2

 

2   AA组和MDS组外周血不同淋巴细胞亚群比例比较(x±s%

Table 2  Comparison of proportion of peripheral blood different lymphocyte subsets between AA group and MDS group s%)

组别

例数

CD3+T淋巴细胞

CD3-CD16+/CD56+NK淋巴细胞

CD19+B淋巴细胞

AA

26

74.58±11.63

13.32±7.54

11.02±6.14

MDS

42

68.90±10.68

16.45±5.65

12.44±5.67

t

 

2.060

1.950

0.972

P

 

0.05

0.055

0.334

注:AA,再生障碍性贫血;MDS,骨髓增生异常综合征

2.4    AA组和MDS组外周血CD3+CD4+CD3+CD8+淋巴细胞及CD4+/CD8+比值比较    CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞比例比较差异无统计学意义;AACD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞比例高于MDS组,CD4+/CD8+比值低于MDS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05见表3

 

3    AA组和MDS组外周血CD3+CD4+CD3+CD8+淋巴细胞及CD4+CD8+T比值比较x±s

Table 3  Comparison of peripheral blood CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+lymphocytes and CD4+, CD8+T ratio between AA group and MDS groupx±s

组别

例数

CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞(%

CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞(%

CD4+/CD8+比值

AA

26

27.31±6.08

44.41±11.60

0.66±0.21

MDS

42

31.37±11.18

35.23±12.02

1.05±0.57

t

 

-1.699

3.101

-3.343

P

 

0.094

0.05

0.05

注:AA,再生障碍性贫血;MDS,骨髓增生异常综合征

3  讨论

AA属于骨髓衰竭性疾病,其特征是造血干细胞的丧失,骨髓增生减低和血细胞生成不足;而MDS表现为骨髓病态造血及无效造血,两组疾病在临床上都常表现为贫血、感染或出血,外周全血细胞减少[1-2]。目前认为AA的发病与T细胞异常活化密切相关,本质上属于一种自身细胞免疫异常性疾病,而MDS的发病也有免疫机制的参与[4-6]。虽然AAMDS患者都存在免疫系统紊乱,但是两者在治疗、预后等方面存在较大差异,因此有必要对两者进行早期鉴别、更针对性的干预,从而为患者带来更好的生质量。

现已明确多种细胞因子在AAMDS患者体内表达异常,并能在一定程度上反映病情的严重程度,对了解患者疾病进展及转归具有重要的临床指导价值[7-9]。目前已经明确IP10MBL在多种免疫性疾病的发病、发展过程中发挥重要作用,但是其在AAMDS患者血清中含量的相关研究[10-11]IP-10是干扰素γ介导产生的一种趋化因子,通过趋化辅助T细胞1局部聚集,介导免疫细胞活化,在多种自身免疫疾病中发挥免疫调控效应。有研究表明IP10参与类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritisRA)、自身免疫性肝炎等多种系统性自身免疫性疾病的发病过程[12-13]MBL是人类天然免疫系统的重要蛋白,是一种模式识别分子,能够调理微生物和异常的宿主细胞,并启动补体激活,在机体免疫防御和免疫复合物形成中具有重要作用[14]。陈思等[15]发现RA患者血清MBL含量显著降低,提示MBL参与RA发生发展的损伤过程。本研究结果显示,AA组和MDS组血清IP-10水平均高于对照组,血清MBL水平均低于对照组,且AA组血清IP-10水平高于MDS组,AA组血清MBL水平低于MDS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。表明AAMDS患者血清IP10MBL的水平存在一定的差异。进一步对两组患者血清IP10MBL的水平分别进行线性相关分析,结果显示AA组、MDS组的血清IP-10MBL水平均呈负相关性,提示对IP10MBL进行联合检测有助于对AAMDS的鉴别诊断。

近几年,流式细胞技术在血液病的诊断中发挥越来越重要的作用。目前已证实免疫介导的骨髓造血组织损伤以及造血功能抑制是引起AA患者发病的重要因素,MDS在向AML转化过程中也伴随T细胞功能的变化[16-17]。本研究结果显示,AA组外周血总CD3+T淋巴细胞比例高于MDS,而两组CD3-CD16+/CD56+NK细胞比例和CD19+B细胞比例比较差异无统计学意义,提示CD3+T淋巴细胞在疾病的发病过程中可能发挥更为密切的作用。本研究进一步比较了CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞和CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞分别占总T淋巴细胞的比例,发现MDSCD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞占T淋巴细胞的比例高AA组,差异无统计学意义;而AACD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞占比例高于MDS组,CD4+/CD8+比值低MDS,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05。提示CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞与造血功能衰竭关系更为密切,这与LUNDGREN[18]的报道一致。研究表明AAMDS患者细胞免疫功能状态存在一定差异,AA患者免疫抑制细胞表达水平更高,其机体T细胞免疫功能紊乱现象更为显著。分析原因可能与CD8+T细胞中富集体细胞突变,被异常激活后可以分泌高浓度的负性造血调节因子干扰素-γ肿瘤坏死因子-α等,介导造血干、祖细胞的破坏有关[19]

综上所述,血清IP10MBLAAMDS的发病过程中可能发挥作用,通过检测患者血清IP-10MBL水平,以及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分析CD4+/CD8+比值,有助于为AAMDS的发病机制、早期鉴别诊断等方面提供更有价值的信息。

 

参考文献

[1]    DEZERN AE, CHURPEK JE. Approach to the diagnosis of aplastic anemia[J]. Blood Adv, 2021,5(12):2660-2671.

[2]    GARCIA-MANERO G, CHIEN KS, MONTALBAN-BRAVO G. Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management[J]. Am J Hematol, 2020,95(11):1399-1420.

[3]   沈悌,赵永强.血液病诊断及疗效标准[M].4.北京:科学出版社,2018,18-170.

[4]    LI X, XU F, HE Q, et al. Comparison of immunological abnormalities of lymphocytes in bone marrow in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and aplastic anemia (AA)[J]. Intern Med, 2010,49(14):1349-1355.

[5]    BÄR C, POVEDANO JM, Serrano R, et al. Telomerase gene therapy rescues telomere length, bone marrow aplasia, and survival in mice with aplastic anemia[J]. Blood, 2016,127(14):1770-1779.

[6]    GRIGNANO E, JACHIET V, FENAUX P, et al. Autoimmune manifestations associated with myelodysplastic syndromes[J]. Ann Hematol, 2018,97(11):2015-2023.

[7]    ZHAO J, SONG Y, LIU L, et al. Effect of arsenic trioxide on the Tregs ratio and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood of severe aplastic anemia patients[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020,99(26):e20630.

[8]    AREF S, KHALED N, AL GILANY AH, et al. Impact of bone marrow natural killer cells (NK); soluble TNF-alpha and IL-32 levels in myelodysplastic syndrome patients[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2020,21(10):2949-2953.

[9]    RADUJKOVIC A, BOCH T, NOLTE F, et al. clinical response to the cd95-ligand inhibitor asunercept is defined by a pro-inflammatory serum cytokine profile[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2020,12(12):3683.

[10]  COAD M, DOYLE M, STEINBACH S, et al. Simultaneous measurement of antigen-induced CXCL10 and IFN-gamma enhances test sensitivity for bovine TB detection in cattle[J]. Vet Microbiol, 2019,230:1-6.

[11]  MAKIN K, EASTER T, KEMP M, et al. Undetectable mannose binding lectin is associated with HRCT proven bronchiectasis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)[J]. PLoS One, 2019,14(4):e0215051.

[12]  YUKAWA K, MOKUDA S, KOHNO H, et al. Serum CXCL10 levels are associated with better responses to abatacept treatment of rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2020,38(5):956-963.

[13]  MIGITA K, HORAI Y, KOZURU H, et al. Serum cytokine profiles and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) level in patients with autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018,97(50):e13450.

[14]  BĄK-ROMANISZYN L, ŚWIERZKO AS, SOKOŁOWSKA A, et al. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Immunobiology, 2020,225(1):151859.

[15]  陈思,马宝良,曹明强,.类风湿关节炎患者血清MBLMASP-2HsCRPC3水平的相关性[J].南方医科大学学报,2016,36(10):1340-1344,1356.

[16]  WANG C, YANG Y, GAO S, et al. Immune dysregulation in myelodysplastic syndrome: clinical features, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies[J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2018,122:123-132.

[17]  ZHANG HF, HUANG ZD, WU XR, et al. Comparison of T lymphocyte subsets in aplastic anemia and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes[J]. Life Sci, 2017,189:71-75.

[18]  LUNDGREN S, KERÄNEN MAI, KANKAINEN M, et al. Somatic mutations in lymphocytes in patients with immune-mediated aplastic anemia[J]. Leukemia, 2021,35(5):1365-1379.

[19]  LUZZATTO L, RISITANO AM. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of acquired aplastic anaemia[J]. Br J Haematol, 2018,182(6):758-776.